Evolution and its origins

Thomas Huxley (1825-1895) was the man *Darwin
called “my bulldog.” *Darwin was so frail in health
that he did not make public appearances, but remained secluded
in the mansion he inherited. After being personally
converted by Darwin (on a visit to Darwin’s home), Huxley
championed the evolutionary cause with everything he
had. In the latter part of the 19th century, while *Haeckel
labored earnestly on the European continent, Huxley
was Darwin’s primary advocate in England.
The *X Club was a secret society in London which

worked to further evolutionary thought and suppress scientific
opposition to it. It was powerful, for all scientific
papers considered by the Royal Society had to be first approved
by this small group of nine members. Chaired by
*Huxley, its members made contacts and powerfully affected
British scientific associations (*Michael Pitman,
Adam and Evolution, 1984, p. 64). “ ‘But what do they
do?’ asked a curious journalist. ‘They run British science,’
a professor replied, ‘and on the whole, they don’t do it
badly’ ” (*R. Milner, Encyclopedia of Evolution, 1990,
p. 467). In the 20th century, U.S. government agencies,
working closely with the *National Science Federation and
kindred organizations, have channeled funds for research
to universities willing to try to find evidence for evolution.
Down to the present day, the theorists are still trying to
control the scientists.
The Oxford Debate was held in June 1860 at Oxford
University, only seven months after the publication of
*Darwin’s Origin of the Species. A special meeting of the
British Association for the Advancement of Science, it
marked a major turning point in England,—just as the
1925 Scopes Trial would be the turning point in North
America. Scientific facts had little to do with either
event; both were just battles between personalities. In both
instances, evolutionists won through ridicule. They
dared not rely on scientific facts to support their case,
because they had none.
Samuel Wilberforce, Anglican bishop of Oxford University,
was scheduled to speak that evening in defense of
creationism. *Huxley had lectured on behalf of evolution
in many English cities and was not planning to attend that
night. But *Chambers, a spiritualist adviser to Huxley, was
impressed to find and tell him he must attend.
Wilberforce delivered a vigorous attack on evolution
for half an hour before a packed audience of 700 people.
His presentation was outstanding, and the audience was
apparently with him. But then Wilberforce turned and rhetorically
asked Huxley a humorous question, whether it
Brief History of Evolutionary Theory 29
was through his grandfather or his grandmother that Huxley
claimed descent from an ape.

Huxley was extremely sharp-witted and, at the bishop’s
question, he clasped the knee of the person sitting next to
him, and said, “He is delivered into my hands!”
Huxley arose and worked the audience up to a climax,
and then declared that he would feel no shame in having
an ape as an ancestor, but would be ashamed of a brilliant
man who plunged into scientific questions of which he
knew nothing (John W. Klotz, “Science and Religion,” in
Studies in Creation, 1985, pp. 45-46).
At this, the entire room went wild, some yelling one
thing and others another. On a pretext so thin, the evolutionists
in England became a power which scientists
feared to oppose. We will learn that ridicule heaped on
ridicule, through the public press, accomplished the same
results for American evolutionists in Dayton, Tennessee,
in 1925.
The Orgueil Meteorite (1861) was one of many hoaxes
perpetrated, to further the cause of evolution. Someone
inserted various dead microbes, and then covered it
over with a surface appearing like the meteorite. The
objective was to show that life came from outer space.
But the hoax was later discovered (*Scientific American,
January 1965, p. 52). A remarkable number of hoaxes have
occurred since then. Men, working desperately, have tried
to provide scientific evidence that does not exist. In the
mid-1990s, a meteorite “from Mars” with “dead organisms”
on it was trumpeted in the press. But ignored were
the conclusions of competent scientists, that the “discovery”
was highly speculative.
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